Icao Pans Ops Doc 8168 Volume 1
PANS-OPS is an air traffic control acronym which stands forProcedures for Air NavigationServices – Aircraft OPerationS. PANS-OPS are rules for designing instrument approach and departure procedures. Such procedures are used to allow aircraft to land and take off when instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) impose instrument flight rules (IFR).
The latest edition of ICAO DOC 8168-OPS/611 (PANS/OPS) 1.5.1.1 1.5.1.2 The holding and approach procedures in use have been based on the values and factors contained in Part 2 of the PANS-OPS. The holding pattern shall be entered and flown as indicated below. 1.5.1.2 1.5.1.3 Due to the.
- ICAO DOC 8168 Vol 1 Model: ICAOD8168-1 ICAO DOC 8168 OPS - Aircraft Operations - Vol 1 Flight Procedures Ed 6 This volume describes operational procedures recommended for the guidance of flight operations personnel.
- The user shall be aware that the Software should not be used without adequate knowledge of the contents of ICAO Document 8168-OPS/611, PROCEDURES FOR AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES, AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS, Volume II; and the user guide for the PANS-OPS OAS Software.
ICAO rules[edit]
The Flight Safety section of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is responsible for PANS-OPS,[1] which outlines the principles for airspace protection and procedure design to which all ICAO signatory states must adhere. The regulatory material surrounding PANS-OPS may vary from country to country.
Handling of obstacles[edit]
Chapter 4 of Annex 14 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation '[establishes] a series of obstacle limitation surfaces that define the limits to which objects may project into the airspace' surrounding an aerodrome.[2] PANS-OPS defines 'protection surfaces' which are imaginary surfaces in space that guarantee an aircraft a certain minimum obstacle clearance, similar to the purpose of obstacle limitation surfaces (OLS) in Annex 14. These surfaces may be used as a tool for local governments in assessing building development. Where buildings may (under certain circumstances) be permitted to penetrate the OLS, they cannot be permitted to penetrate any PANS-OPS surface, because the purpose of these surfaces is to guarantee pilots operating under IMC a descent path free of obstacles for a given approach.
Other PANS[edit]
- PANS-ATM: Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Air Traffic Management (ICAO Doc. 4444)[3]
- PANS-TRG: Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Training (ICAO Doc. 9868)[4]
- PANS-AD (PANS-Aerodrome, ICAO Doc 9981)
- PANS-OPS (Aircraft operations, ICAO Doc 8168)
- PANS-ABC (Abbreviations and codes, ICAO Doc 8400)
- PANS-AIM (Aeronautical information management, ICAO Doc 10066)
History, Pans-Ops software[edit]
In 1989 the very first commercially available off the shelf instrument procedure design software conforming to ICAO document 8168 Pans-Ops was programmed.[citation needed] This software was first demonstrated at Bailbrook College in Bath, England in 1992 to a procedure design course. Prior to this all procedure design was done with pencil, tracing paper and a calculator. The software was programmed on a 386 IBM laptop computer and written in the “LISP” programming language.
References[edit]
- ^'Annexes and PANS'. International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^Annex 14 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation – Aerodromes, Volume I: Aerodrome Design and Operations (7th ed.). July 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^Procedures for Air Navigation Services, Air Traffic Management (16th ed.). International Civil Aviation Organization. 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^Procedures for Air Navigation Services, Training (2nd ed.). International Civil Aviation Organization. 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
External links[edit]
- Procedures for Air Navigation Services, Aircraft Operations, Volume I: Flight Procedures (5th ed.). International Civil Aviation Organization. 2006. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- Procedures for Air Navigation Services, Aircraft Operations, Volume II: Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures (6th ed.). International Civil Aviation Organization. 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
Circling Approach
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Description
When an aircraft intends to land on a runway for which no instrument approach procedure exists, it may descend on the instrument approach to another runway and, provided the required visual references are established at the circling Minimum Descent Altitude/Height, manoeuvre visually for landing on the desired runway. This procedure is used when landing on the instrument runway is undesirable, due for example to wind conditions or work in progress.
Definition
A circling approach is an extension of an instrument approach procedure which provides for visual circling of the aerodrome prior to landing. (ICAO Doc 8168: Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) Vol I - Flight Procedures)
A circling approach is the visual phase of an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position for landing on a runway which is not suitably located for a straight-in approach. (JAR-OPS 1.435 (a) (1))
Pans Ops Doc 8168
Go-around from a Circling Approach
Because the runway on which the aircraft makes the instrument approach is not the runway to which it is circling, confusion may exist in a pilot's mind if a go-around should become necessary. This would create a dangerous situation if, for example, the pilot flew the missed approach for the landing runway instead of the instrument runway. Therefore a standard procedure has been established by ICAO to address this issue:
Icao Doc 8168 Pdf
If visual reference is lost while circling to land from an instrument approach, the missed approach specified for that particular procedure shall be followed. The transition from the visual (circling) manoeuvre to the missed approach should be initiated by a climbing turn, within the circling area, towards the landing runway, to return to the circling altitude or higher, immediately followed by interception and execution of the missed approach procedure. The indicated airspeed during these manoeuvres shall not exceed the maximum indicated airspeed associated with visual manoeuvring.(ICAO Doc 8168: PANS-OPS, Volume 1, Chapter 7, Section 7.4)
Related Articles
Further Reading
- ICAO Annex 6: Operation of Aircraft;
- ICAO Doc 8168: Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) Vol I - Flight Procedures);
- JAR-OPS 1
- Circling Approach Discussion Paper, FSF European Advisory Committee, 24 January 2011
Icao Pans Ops Doc 8168 Volume 1 Download